Summary
This study exposed male and female Hartley guinea pigs to hexavalent chromium by weekly oropharyngeal aspiration for ninety days. The animals developed changes across open-field, anxiety, spatial-memory, and object-recognition tests; females accumulated more chromium in the hippocampus, while males showed disruption of essential-metal balance, revealing sex-specific neurotoxicity in a species that, like humans, cannot make vitamin C. UID UCT-2112 microchips supported monitoring.
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